Classical vs. Contemporary Pilates: What's the Difference?
If you're exploring Pilates studios, you've likely encountered the terms "classical Pilates" and "contemporary Pilates." While both approaches build on Joseph Pilates' original method, they differ significantly in philosophy, execution, and teaching style. Understanding these differences helps you choose the right approach for your body and goals.
What Is Classical Pilates?
Classical Pilates strictly follows the original system developed by Joseph Pilates in the early 20th century. Also called "authentic," "true," or "traditional" Pilates, this approach preserves the exercises, order, and principles exactly as Joseph Pilates taught them.
Key characteristics of classical Pilates:
Fixed exercise order and progression
Emphasis on flowing movement between exercises
Focus on building strength and control through repetition
Traditional six principles: concentration, control, center, flow, precision, and breathing
Use of original apparatus designs (reformer, cadillac, chair, barrel)
Typically faster-paced, continuous movement
Classical Pilates instructors complete certification programs that trace their lineage directly back to Joseph Pilates through his original students, often called "Pilates elders."
What Is Contemporary Pilates?
Contemporary Pilates (sometimes called "modern Pilates") incorporates Joseph Pilates' foundational work while integrating modern knowledge of anatomy, biomechanics, and physical therapy research. This approach adapts and modifies exercises based on current understanding of how the body moves and heals.
Key characteristics of contemporary Pilates:
Flexible exercise selection tailored to individual needs
Integration of modern physical therapy principles
Evidence-based modifications for injuries and conditions
Emphasis on spinal and pelvic neutral positions
Use of updated equipment and props (foam rollers, resistance bands, small balls)
Slower, more detailed breakdown of movements
Contemporary instructors often have backgrounds in physical therapy, dance, or fitness and may combine Pilates with other movement modalities.
The Main Differences Explained
Exercise Order and Structure
Classical: Follows a specific sequence designed to warm up the body progressively. The order is consistent across sessions, with exercises building on each other. A classical mat class typically includes the same 34 exercises in the same order every time.
Contemporary: Exercises are selected and sequenced based on the client's needs, goals, or limitations. Instructors might focus on specific body areas or movement patterns rather than following a predetermined order.
Approach to Spinal Position
Classical: Emphasizes a slightly flexed or "scooped" spine position, with the pelvis in a slight posterior tilt. This reflects Joseph Pilates' focus on core engagement through spinal flexion.
Contemporary: Prioritizes neutral spine alignment, where the natural curves of the spine are maintained. This approach aligns with modern understanding of spinal health and injury prevention.
Modifications and Variations
Classical: Exercises are performed as originally designed, with modifications primarily coming through reduced repetitions or range of motion. The philosophy is that the body should adapt to the exercise.
Contemporary: Heavily modified based on individual needs. Instructors freely adapt exercises for injuries, limitations, or specific goals. The philosophy is that the exercise should adapt to the body.
Breathing Patterns
Classical: Uses lateral thoracic breathing (expanding the ribcage sideways), often with inhalation during preparation and exhalation during exertion. Breathing patterns are specific to each exercise.
Contemporary: May incorporate various breathing techniques, sometimes allowing natural breathing or adapting patterns based on what serves the individual best.
Equipment and Props
Classical: Uses apparatus as Joseph Pilates designed them, with minimal additional props. The equipment itself provides the challenge and support needed.
Contemporary: Incorporates modern props like foam rollers, resistance bands, magic circles, and small balls to add variety, challenge, or support to exercises.
Which Approach Is Right for You?
Neither classical nor contemporary Pilates is inherently better—the right choice depends on your individual circumstances:
Choose Classical Pilates if you:
Enjoy structure and consistency in your workouts
Want to experience Pilates as Joseph Pilates intended
Thrive on repetition and mastering specific movements
Prefer faster-paced, flowing sessions
Are relatively healthy without major injuries or conditions
Choose Contemporary Pilates if you:
Have specific injuries or medical conditions requiring accommodation
Prefer personalized, adaptable programming
Want integration of modern research and techniques
Need more detailed, slower instruction
Are working with a physical therapist or rehabilitation specialist
Consider Trying Both
Many practitioners benefit from experiencing both approaches. Classical Pilates offers the purity of the original method and the power of consistent practice. Contemporary Pilates provides flexibility and individualization that can be essential for certain bodies and goals.
Common Ground Between Both Approaches
Despite their differences, classical and contemporary Pilates share fundamental principles:
Core strength and stability are essential
Mind-body connection enhances practice
Proper breathing supports movement
Quality of movement matters more than quantity
Regular practice yields best results
Whole-body integration is the goal
Both approaches effectively build strength, flexibility, and body awareness when practiced consistently with qualified instructors.
How to Find Qualified Instructors
Regardless of which approach appeals to you, instructor quality matters most.
For classical Pilates, look for certification through:
Romana's Pilates (lineage from Romana Kryzanowska)
Classical Pilates Education
Authentic Pilates Teacher Training
Power Pilates
Other organizations with direct lineage to Joseph Pilates
For contemporary Pilates, look for certification through:
STOTT PILATES
Balanced Body University
Peak Pilates
Polestar Pilates
BASI Pilates
Most comprehensive certification programs require 400-600+ hours of training, including anatomy, teaching practice, and observation.
What Questions to Ask Your Instructor
When choosing a studio or instructor, ask:
What certification or training do you have?
Do you teach classical or contemporary Pilates, or a blend?
How do you modify exercises for injuries or limitations?
What's your teaching philosophy?
Can you explain why you sequence exercises the way you do?
A knowledgeable instructor should clearly articulate their approach and how it serves your needs.
The Evolution of Pilates
The classical vs. contemporary distinction emerged as Pilates grew from a relatively unknown practice to a worldwide phenomenon. Joseph Pilates died in 1967 without trademarking his method or leaving a formal teacher training system, which allowed different interpretations to develop.
Some practitioners felt preserving the original method honored Joseph Pilates' vision, while others believed adapting the work with modern knowledge would make it more effective and accessible. Both perspectives have merit and continue to shape how Pilates is taught today.
Making Your Decision
The best approach is ultimately the one that:
Keeps you safe and injury-free
Helps you progress toward your goals
Keeps you engaged and motivated
Feels good in your body
Try classes in both styles if possible. Pay attention to how your body responds and which teaching style resonates with you. Many studios and instructors blend elements from both approaches, creating a hybrid that draws from classical foundations while incorporating contemporary insights.
Conclusion
Classical Pilates preserves Joseph Pilates' original method with its structured sequences and flowing movements. Contemporary Pilates adapts the work using modern research and individualized modifications. Both approaches effectively build strength, flexibility, and body awareness.
Your choice between classical and contemporary Pilates should be based on your body's needs, your preferences, and your goals—not on which approach is "better." The most important factors are finding a qualified instructor you trust and committing to consistent practice, regardless of which style you choose.
Considering Pilates? Start by sampling classes in both classical and contemporary styles to discover which approach feels right for your body. Many practitioners find value in both and may shift between them as their needs and goals evolve.
